Explicit formulas
gross_wall_area = 2 × (length + width) × heightpaintable_wall_area = gross_wall_area − openingscoated_area = paintable_wall_area × coatsadjusted_area = coated_area × (1 + waste_pct ÷ 100)required_volume = adjusted_area ÷ coveragecontainers = ceil(required_volume ÷ container_size)