BIU006 expands the chronological backbone to 28 profiles across the late-seventh-century prelude, both Iconoclast phases, the 843 restoration, post-Iconoclast monumental programs, and later Byzantine continuity. Contested dates and broad period scaffolds remain visibly qualified.
Search includes titles, summaries, phase/category labels, uncertainty notes, and directly connected BIU records. Relationship chips are explicit graph edges, not inferred causation.
Foundation chronological bucket; BIU001 does not impose one universal date boundary across every scholarly context.
Broad BIU navigation period; not a universal dating rule for individual objects.
Church council in Constantinople that legislated about images, including requiring Christ to be shown in human form rather than symbolically as a lamb and prohibiting floor crosses that could be walked upon.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
Imperial gold coins placed an image of Christ opposite Justinian II, showing the public and political importance sacred images had acquired before the Iconoclastic Controversy.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
The first major Byzantine Iconoclast phase, conventionally dated 726–787 in the BIU001 reference source.
The preserved BIU005 entity keeps its earlier 726–787 label. Current Smarthistory synthesis describes the struggle as beginning in the 720s and treats the traditional 726/730 Chalke removal narrative as uncertain.
Painted icons preserved at Saint Catherine’s Monastery on Mount Sinai form a major continuity strand because comparatively few early Byzantine icons survived the Iconoclastic centuries.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
Image practice was not uniform across all former Byzantine territories: some Transjordan mosaics were altered in the eighth century while figurative Christian imagery continued in Egypt and at Sinai.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
Council convened under Constantine V that supported Iconoclasm and promoted the cross and Eucharist over figural icons.
Council under Constantine V that rejected religious images.
After rebuilding Hagia Eirene under Constantine V, the apse was decorated with a monumental cross rather than a figural sacred image, preserving an important Iconoclast-era visual program.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
Primary sources associate Patriarch Niketas with removal of mosaics of Christ and saints from the small sekreton; surviving mosaic scars make this one of the clearest material witnesses in Constantinople.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
At an uncertain point during the eighth- or ninth-century controversy, an earlier Virgin-and-Child apse mosaic at Nicaea was removed and replaced by a cross; surviving photographs preserve the intervention but not a precise date.
The source preserves the sequence but does not establish a precise date; BIU keeps the uncertainty visible.
Council under Empress Irene that rejected the Council of Hieria and affirmed the veneration of icons while distinguishing veneration from worship.
Nicaea II rejected Hieria and affirmed veneration of icons while distinguishing veneration from worship.
Leo V banned religious images again in 815 after major Byzantine military losses, opening the second phase of Iconoclasm.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
The second major Byzantine Iconoclast phase, conventionally dated 815–843 in the BIU001 reference source.
Second phase conventionally begins with Leo V’s renewed ban in 815 and ends with restoration in 843.
The death of the iconoclast emperor Theophilos in 842 created the regency context in which image policy was reversed the following year.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
The 843 restoration of images marks the end of the second Iconoclast phase in the BIU001 chronological scaffold.
Definitive restoration of images under Theodora’s regency and Patriarch Methodios; later remembered as the Triumph of Orthodoxy.
A broad historical period used here as a navigation scaffold, with exact boundaries to be sourced contextually in later work.
Broad Middle Byzantine navigation period; object dates remain museum-record specific.
Imperial and Church leaders marked the restoration of images with a procession through Constantinople culminating in the Divine Liturgy at Hagia Sophia.
Date follows the registered source range for this BIU006 record.
Sometime after the 843 restoration of images, the Iconoclast cross in the apse of the Dormition church at Nicaea was replaced by another image of the Virgin and Child; the precise date remains uncertain.
The source preserves the sequence but does not establish a precise date; BIU keeps the uncertainty visible.
After images returned in 843, Byzantine church decoration developed increasingly standardized mosaic and fresco programs that coordinated sacred figures and narratives with architectural zones.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
A monumental Virgin-and-Child mosaic was dedicated in Hagia Sophia’s apse around 867 and interpreted by Patriarch Photios in explicitly post-Iconoclast terms.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
Rows of Church fathers, prophets, and probably angels were added high in Hagia Sophia after the apse mosaic, extending the post-Iconoclast figural program across the great church.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
Middle and Late Byzantine image culture continued older types while developing forms such as biographical icons and miniature mosaics and increasingly using precious-metal revetments.
The chronology is approximate or developmental rather than a single-day event.
UNESCO describes Cappadocian monasticism as established during Iconoclasm, with restrained cross decoration then richly figurative rock-church painting after 842.
UNESCO distinguishes restrained cross decoration during Iconoclasm from richly figurative rock-church painting after 842; named church dates remain monument-specific.
Adoption of Christianity by Kyivan Rus’ helped open a major channel for Byzantine religious and courtly visual culture north of the empire.
Used as a transmission milestone, not a claim that Byzantine art moved north in a single event.
Fourth Crusade capture of Constantinople disrupted Byzantine political and artistic life and began the Latin occupation of the capital.
Capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade and beginning of Latin occupation.
Michael VIII Palaiologos recovered Constantinople in 1261, initiating the last major Byzantine period of artistic and intellectual renewal.
Byzantine recovery of Constantinople and start of the Palaiologan imperial phase.
A broad later period used as a navigation scaffold rather than a substitute for object-level dating.
Broad Late Byzantine navigation period; not a replacement for object-level dating.
Late Byzantine artistic renewal at Mystras, where UNESCO connects church architecture and fresco painting to Constantinopolitan art, regional eclecticism, and later influence.
UNESCO uses the Palaeologan Renaissance framing for late Byzantine Mystras; individual buildings and fresco campaigns have their own dates.
Theodore Metochites renovated and richly redecorated the Chora with mosaics and frescoes, including a funerary parekklesion.
Renovation and decoration campaign associated with Theodore Metochites.
Ottoman conquest of Constantinople ended the Byzantine state, while Orthodox artistic traditions continued in multiple regions.
End of the Byzantine state, not the end of Orthodox icon traditions.
14 registered source records support the current timeline profiles. Follow each event page for its narrower evidence scope.
Move through explicit edges, visible two-step paths, specialist systems, BIU012 learning, and labeled navigation-synthesis themes. No popularity ranking, opaque similarity score, or personal profiling.
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