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Infinite Concept UniverseByzantine Iconography · BIU016
Byzantine Iconographyvisual atlas · evidence-aware
Geography + Transmission Atlas

Map relationships without turning proximity into influence.

BIU010 separates production, present location, documented movement, political/ecclesiastical relationship, artistic influence, stylistic comparison, reception/adaptation, and modern regional grouping. Schematic route geometry is labeled as such; source-supplied coordinates remain distinct from explanatory layouts.

Production ≠ present locationPlace of production and present location are separate assertions. A museum collection does not become the medieval production place.
Movement ≠ influenceDocumented movement/provenance and artistic influence are separate. Neither is substituted for the other.
Proximity ≠ transmissionGeographic proximity, shared typology, or visual similarity does not establish influence, workshop movement, trade, or transmission direction.
  1. 01
    Place of production

    Where a source explicitly says an object or work was made; probability language remains probability language.

  2. 02
    Present location

    Current museum, monument, or holding context; never substituted for production place.

  3. 03
    Documented movement / provenance

    Movement supported by provenance, gift, transfer, excavation, or comparable evidence.

  4. 04
    Political / ecclesiastical relationship

    Historical political, courtly, monastic, or ecclesiastical relationship supported by a source.

  5. 05
    Artistic influence

    Directional influence only when a source explicitly supports it.

  6. 06
    Stylistic comparison

    Formal or typological comparison without automatic influence or movement claims.

  7. 07
    Reception / adaptation

    Local adoption, transformation, hybridization, or later reception supported by source context.

  8. 08
    Modern scholarly grouping

    Atlas or scholarly grouping used for navigation/comparison; not a historical political or artistic unity.

68geography profiles
10regional families
8network models
42profile/model sources
Geography workbench

Trace documented places and transmission without turning maps into evidence.

Schematic geometry is explicitly non-geographic. Geographic coordinates appear only where a cited source supplies a property/component point.

Regional family
Chronological lens
Constantinople & Marmara · 3 sourcesmonument/place

Constantinople

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Hagia Sophia

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Chora Church / Monastery

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Church of the Virgin of the Pharos

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Hagia Eirene

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Chalke Gate

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Small Sekreton near Hagia Sophia

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Nicaea

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Church of the Dormition at Nicaea

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourcemonument/place

Nicomedia

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceatlas region / method

Constantinople & Marmara Atlas Region

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 3 sourcesnetwork model

Constantinopolitan Luxury Production Network

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Production evidence is strongest when museum records explicitly say Constantinople or probably Constantinople; monument profiles describe use in situ.
Movement / provenance
Movement is not inferred from capital association alone.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceverified object

Double-Sided Pendant Icon (Met 1994.403)

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Object record: A ca. 1100 Constantinopolitan gold and cloisonné enamel pendant with Christ Pantokrator and the Virgin Hagiosoritissa. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceverified object

Panel from a Cover for an Icon of the Virgin

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Object record: Cloisonné-enamel panel made in Constantinople around 1100 and once part of a cover for an icon of the Virgin Hagiosoritissa. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceverified object

Portable Icon with the Virgin Eleousa

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Object record: Early-1300s Byzantine miniature-mosaic icon of the Virgin Eleousa, registered as a source-backed museum object. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceverified object

Icon with the Koimesis

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Object record: Late-900s Byzantine ivory icon of the Koimesis, or Dormition of the Virgin, registered from the Met collection record. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Constantinople & Marmara · 1 sourceverified object

Icon with the Crucifixion

Chronology
4th–15th c. Byzantine core; records vary
Production / use
Object record: Mid-tenth-century Byzantine ivory Crucifixion panel, the surviving central portion of a triptych. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourcemonument/place

Mount Sinai / Saint Catherine’s Monastery

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Sinai profiles emphasize surviving icons/monuments; Egypt/Transjordan profiles capture regional evidence rather than a single production center.
Movement / provenance
Preservation outside Constantinople is not a movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourcemonument/place

Egypt

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Sinai profiles emphasize surviving icons/monuments; Egypt/Transjordan profiles capture regional evidence rather than a single production center.
Movement / provenance
Preservation outside Constantinople is not a movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourcemonument/place

Transjordan

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Sinai profiles emphasize surviving icons/monuments; Egypt/Transjordan profiles capture regional evidence rather than a single production center.
Movement / provenance
Preservation outside Constantinople is not a movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 2 sourcesatlas region / method

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean Atlas Region

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Sinai profiles emphasize surviving icons/monuments; Egypt/Transjordan profiles capture regional evidence rather than a single production center.
Movement / provenance
Preservation outside Constantinople is not a movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Sinai Preservation Context

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Sinai profiles emphasize surviving icons/monuments; Egypt/Transjordan profiles capture regional evidence rather than a single production center.
Movement / provenance
Preservation outside Constantinople is not a movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourceverified object

Icon of the Virgin and Child, Hodegetria variant

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Object record: Thirteenth-century Byzantine-or-Crusader icon from Egypt, preserved as explicit tempera-on-wood evidence in the Materials Laboratory. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourceverified object

Fragment of a Lintel

Chronology
6th c. onward; regional contexts vary
Production / use
Object record: Fifth- to sixth-century limestone lintel fragment bearing a Chi-Rho and Alpha-and-Omega symbolism. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Hosios Loukas

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Nea Moni, Chios

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Daphni Monastery

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 3 sourcesmonument/place

Thessaloniki

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourceatlas region / method

Greece & Aegean Atlas Region

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcenetwork model

Daphni–Hosios Loukas–Nea Moni Comparative Series

Chronology
primarily Middle/Late Byzantine; site-specific
Production / use
Monument profiles are places of use/survival; the UNESCO three-monastery series is comparative.
Movement / provenance
No route among Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni is inferred from shared typology.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Ravenna

Chronology
primarily 5th–8th c. Byzantine Italy context
Production / use
San Vitale and Ravenna are surviving use contexts, not automatic production locations for all related motifs.
Movement / provenance
Political/artistic contacts are source-backed; object movement is not invented.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy · 2 sourcesmonument/place

San Vitale, Ravenna

Chronology
primarily 5th–8th c. Byzantine Italy context
Production / use
San Vitale and Ravenna are surviving use contexts, not automatic production locations for all related motifs.
Movement / provenance
Political/artistic contacts are source-backed; object movement is not invented.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy · 1 sourceatlas region / method

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy Atlas Region

Chronology
primarily 5th–8th c. Byzantine Italy context
Production / use
San Vitale and Ravenna are surviving use contexts, not automatic production locations for all related motifs.
Movement / provenance
Political/artistic contacts are source-backed; object movement is not invented.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy · 1 sourcenetwork model

Ravenna East–West Contact Network

Chronology
primarily 5th–8th c. Byzantine Italy context
Production / use
San Vitale and Ravenna are surviving use contexts, not automatic production locations for all related motifs.
Movement / provenance
Political/artistic contacts are source-backed; object movement is not invented.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Ravenna & Byzantine Italy · 3 sourcesnetwork model

Byzantium and the Latin West

Chronology
primarily 5th–8th c. Byzantine Italy context
Production / use
San Vitale and Ravenna are surviving use contexts, not automatic production locations for all related motifs.
Movement / provenance
Political/artistic contacts are source-backed; object movement is not invented.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Crete & Venice · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Crete

Chronology
late Byzantine and especially post-Byzantine/Venetian context
Production / use
Candia supports named icon-painter production evidence; Venice is a reception/market/artistic-contact context.
Movement / provenance
Specific object movement requires provenance; market reception does not prove a given icon travelled.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Crete & Venice · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Candia / Heraklion

Chronology
late Byzantine and especially post-Byzantine/Venetian context
Production / use
Candia supports named icon-painter production evidence; Venice is a reception/market/artistic-contact context.
Movement / provenance
Specific object movement requires provenance; market reception does not prove a given icon travelled.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Crete & Venice · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Venice

Chronology
late Byzantine and especially post-Byzantine/Venetian context
Production / use
Candia supports named icon-painter production evidence; Venice is a reception/market/artistic-contact context.
Movement / provenance
Specific object movement requires provenance; market reception does not prove a given icon travelled.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Crete & Venice · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Cretan Icon Painting

Chronology
late Byzantine and especially post-Byzantine/Venetian context
Production / use
Candia supports named icon-painter production evidence; Venice is a reception/market/artistic-contact context.
Movement / provenance
Specific object movement requires provenance; market reception does not prove a given icon travelled.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Crete & Venice · 3 sourcesnetwork model

Crete–Venice Icon Reception Network

Chronology
late Byzantine and especially post-Byzantine/Venetian context
Production / use
Candia supports named icon-painter production evidence; Venice is a reception/market/artistic-contact context.
Movement / provenance
Specific object movement requires provenance; market reception does not prove a given icon travelled.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Georgia & Caucasus · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Georgia

Chronology
especially 11th–12th c. enamel exchange context
Production / use
Constantinopolitan manufacture is asserted only where an object record says so or qualifies it.
Movement / provenance
The Djumati medallions carry a possible-gift hypothesis, not certain provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Georgia & Caucasus · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Byzantine–Georgian Enamel Network

Chronology
especially 11th–12th c. enamel exchange context
Production / use
Constantinopolitan manufacture is asserted only where an object record says so or qualifies it.
Movement / provenance
The Djumati medallions carry a possible-gift hypothesis, not certain provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Georgia & Caucasus · 2 sourcesatlas region / method

Georgia & Caucasus Atlas Region

Chronology
especially 11th–12th c. enamel exchange context
Production / use
Constantinopolitan manufacture is asserted only where an object record says so or qualifies it.
Movement / provenance
The Djumati medallions carry a possible-gift hypothesis, not certain provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Georgia & Caucasus · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Constantinople–Georgia Court Gift Hypothesis

Chronology
especially 11th–12th c. enamel exchange context
Production / use
Constantinopolitan manufacture is asserted only where an object record says so or qualifies it.
Movement / provenance
The Djumati medallions carry a possible-gift hypothesis, not certain provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Georgia & Caucasus · 1 sourceverified object

Medallion with Saint George from an Icon Frame

Chronology
especially 11th–12th c. enamel exchange context
Production / use
Object record: Cloisonné-enamel medallion of Saint George made in Constantinople around 1100 and originally belonging to an icon frame. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Kyivan Rus’

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Saint Sophia combines local builders and Byzantine masters; local luxury objects show adaptation of courtly forms.
Movement / provenance
The adoption of Christianity and local production are not treated as a single object-movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 1 sourcemonument/place

Kyiv

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Saint Sophia combines local builders and Byzantine masters; local luxury objects show adaptation of courtly forms.
Movement / provenance
The adoption of Christianity and local production are not treated as a single object-movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Saint Sophia, Kyiv

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Saint Sophia combines local builders and Byzantine masters; local luxury objects show adaptation of courtly forms.
Movement / provenance
The adoption of Christianity and local production are not treated as a single object-movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 3 sourcesnetwork model

Byzantine–Slavic Transmission

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Saint Sophia combines local builders and Byzantine masters; local luxury objects show adaptation of courtly forms.
Movement / provenance
The adoption of Christianity and local production are not treated as a single object-movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Kyiv & Byzantine Masters Network

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Saint Sophia combines local builders and Byzantine masters; local luxury objects show adaptation of courtly forms.
Movement / provenance
The adoption of Christianity and local production are not treated as a single object-movement route.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Kyivan Rus’ · 1 sourceverified object

One of a Pair of Temple Pendants, with Busts of Male Saints Holding Martyr's Cross (front) and Leaf and Rosette Motifs (back)

Chronology
late 10th–13th c. core context
Production / use
Object record: Eleventh- to twelfth-century Kyivan Rus’ temple pendant with male saints, executed in cloisonné enamel and gold. Production place is taken only from explicit museum/graph evidence; current collection is a separate present-location state.
Movement / provenance
BIU010 does not infer medieval movement from current museum ownership. Any gift/provenance hypothesis must be carried by an explicit source-backed network record.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Balkans & Athos · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Mount Athos

Chronology
11th c. onward; monument-specific
Production / use
Nerezi/Studenica are local monument evidence; Athos is an enduring monastic/artistic center.
Movement / provenance
No single route across the Balkans is inferred.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Balkans & Athos · 2 sourcesmonument/place

Studenica Monastery

Chronology
11th c. onward; monument-specific
Production / use
Nerezi/Studenica are local monument evidence; Athos is an enduring monastic/artistic center.
Movement / provenance
No single route across the Balkans is inferred.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Balkans & Athos · 1 sourcemonument/place

Saint Panteleimon, Nerezi

Chronology
11th c. onward; monument-specific
Production / use
Nerezi/Studenica are local monument evidence; Athos is an enduring monastic/artistic center.
Movement / provenance
No single route across the Balkans is inferred.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Balkans & Athos · 2 sourcesatlas region / method

Balkans Atlas Region

Chronology
11th c. onward; monument-specific
Production / use
Nerezi/Studenica are local monument evidence; Athos is an enduring monastic/artistic center.
Movement / provenance
No single route across the Balkans is inferred.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Later Orthodox / Russian Reception · 2 sourcesnetwork model

Later Russian Orthodox Reception Context

Chronology
16th c. onward reception context
Production / use
This family is not used to redetermine medieval production places.
Movement / provenance
Later reception is not retrojected into Kyivan Rus’ provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Later Orthodox / Russian Reception · 1 sourcenetwork model

Mount Athos Later Orthodox Transmission Network

Chronology
16th c. onward reception context
Production / use
This family is not used to redetermine medieval production places.
Movement / provenance
Later reception is not retrojected into Kyivan Rus’ provenance.

Boundary: Map position, proximity or visual similarity never creates a transmission edge. Follow the named source and explicit relationship records.

Anatolia & Cappadocia · 1 sourceregional context

Cappadocia

Chronology
4th c.–13th c.; emphasis 8th–13th
Production / use
Regional use/monastic image practice; no single workshop is inferred.
Movement / provenance
No object movement route is inferred from the region alone.

Boundary: Modern regional grouping does not create influence or production edges.

Anatolia & Cappadocia · 1 sourcemonument landscape

Göreme Valley

Chronology
post-842 Byzantine emphasis
Production / use
Monument/site evidence, not a portable-object production attribution.
Movement / provenance
No movement/provenance route is inferred.

Boundary: The UNESCO property covers a wider Cappadocian landscape; BIU does not collapse all sites into Göreme.

Anatolia & Cappadocia · 1 sourcemonument

Tokalı Kilise

Chronology
10th century
Production / use
Surviving monument context; no workshop attribution in BIU014.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: BIU014 relies on UNESCO’s monument/date framing only.

Anatolia & Cappadocia · 1 sourcemonument

Karanlık Kilise

Chronology
late 12th–early 13th century
Production / use
Surviving monument context; no workshop attribution in BIU014.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: BIU014 does not infer specific iconographic programs beyond the UNESCO source.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcelate Byzantine city / artistic center

Mystras

Chronology
1262–1460; artistic zenith 14th–15th c.
Production / use
Urban/church production context; not one workshop.
Movement / provenance
No movement route is inferred from the city alone.

Boundary: Influence is retained only where UNESCO explicitly states it; proximity does not create routes.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcemonument

Hodegetria Church, Mystras

Chronology
c. 1310
Production / use
Monument-specific context only.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: Date and artistic context follow the UNESCO property statement.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcemonument

Hagia Sophia, Mystras

Chronology
1350–1365
Production / use
Monument-specific context only.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: BIU014 does not infer specific workshop movement.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcemonument

Peribleptos, Mystras

Chronology
third quarter 14th century
Production / use
Monument-specific context only.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: BIU014 keeps site-level chronology separate from broad Renaissance framing.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcemonument

Pantanassa, Mystras

Chronology
c. 1430
Production / use
Monument-specific context only.
Movement / provenance
No movement claim.

Boundary: BIU014 keeps later use and restoration separate from original dating.

Sinai & Eastern Mediterranean · 1 sourceobject production place

Attarouthi, Syria

Chronology
500–650 object context
Production / use
Production place is explicitly supplied by the museum object record.
Movement / provenance
The surviving museum object’s later provenance is not reconstructed from its production place.

Boundary: A single treasure does not establish a regional workshop network.

Greece & Aegean · 1 sourcerepresented narrative place

Patmos

Chronology
early 15th c. object context / biblical-saint narrative
Production / use
This is represented narrative place, not the panel’s production place.
Movement / provenance
No movement route is inferred from the scene setting.

Boundary: Do not equate depicted Patmos with object provenance.

Source-bounded network models

Eight diagrams where direction must come from evidence.

production network · source specificConstantinople production evidenceGroups objects with explicit or qualified Constantinopolitan production evidence. No named workshop is inferred.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleObject → production place only when museum/graph evidence supports it.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
productionproductionproductionConstantinopleDouble-Sided Pendant Icon (Met 1994.403)Medallion with Saint George from an Icon FramePanel from a Cover for an Icon of the Virgin
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Double-Sided Pendant Icon with the Virgin and Christ Pantokrator
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Medallion with Saint George from an Icon Frame
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Arts of Byzantium
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; object image rights require per-record review
documented movement hypothesis · qualified source specificConstantinople–Georgia enamel gift hypothesisPreserves the Met’s conditional wording that Djumati enamel medallions may have been sent as a Byzantine court gift to Georgia.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleDirectional arrow is explicitly qualified as “may have been sent.”
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
documented movementConstantinopleGeorgiaMedallion with Saint George from an Icon Frame
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Medallion with Saint Paul from an Icon Frame
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Arts of Byzantium
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; object image rights require per-record review
reception adaptation network · source specificKyivan Rus’ adoption and local adaptationConnects Christianization after 988, Byzantine masters at Saint Sophia, and locally produced variants of Byzantine courtly forms.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleShows source-backed adoption/adaptation context, not a route for every individual object.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
reception adaptationreception adaptationConstantinopleSaint Sophia, KyivOne of a Pair of Temple Pendants, with Busts of Male Saints Holding Martyr's Cross (front) and Leaf and Rosette Motifs (back)
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
One of a Pair of Temple Pendants with Busts of Male Saints
Open source ↗
museum-object-reference; check current image rights before reuse
Smarthistory
Byzantium, Kyivan Rus’, and their contested legacies
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
reception network · source specificCrete–Venice icon receptionShows Venetian-ruled Candia/Crete and reception of mixed Byzantine/Latin icon forms locally and in Italy.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleNo single direction is assumed; production, market reception and stylistic mixture are separate states.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
reception adaptationCandia / HeraklionCreteVenice
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Christ Bearing the Cross
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
Smarthistory
Greek painters in Renaissance Venice
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Religious Relationship between Byzantium and the West
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
political artistic contact · source specificRavenna eastern–western contactUNESCO-supported contact model for Ravenna’s monuments and blend of eastern/western traditions in Byzantine Italy.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleContact/comparison only; BIU does not infer a one-way artistic route.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
political ecclesiasticalRavennaSan Vitale, RavennaConstantinople
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
Smarthistory
San Vitale and the Justinian and Theodora Mosaics
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
modern scholarly grouping · source specific comparisonThree-monastery comparative seriesUNESCO comparison of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni as geographically distant monuments of the same typological series.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleNo arrows: shared typology is comparison, not demonstrated influence.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
Daphni MonasteryHosios LoukasNea Moni, Chios
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — Maps
Open source ↗
coordinate/reference data; map/media reuse requires applicable UNESCO terms
preservation context · source specificSinai preservation contextExplains why Saint Catherine’s preserves rare early icons without treating survival as a transmission route.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleNo transmission direction; this is preservation geography.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
Mount Sinai / Saint Catherine’s MonasterySinai Survival of Early Icons
Smarthistory
Art and architecture of Saint Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icons and Iconoclasm in Byzantium
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
later reception network · source specific laterMount Athos later Orthodox influenceA deliberately post-Byzantine/later lens. UNESCO notes Athonite influence as far as Russia and painting themes elaborated from Crete to the Balkans from the sixteenth century onward.Open schematic ↓
Direction / evidence ruleOnly later reception is shown; the route is not projected backward into Kyivan Rus’ or the Byzantine period.
Schematic transmission diagram — not a geographic projection or measured route.
artistic influencereception adaptationreception adaptationMount AthosLater Russian Orthodox Reception ContextCreteBalkans Atlas Region
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Mount Athos
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
Sourced coordinates

Coordinates are location evidence, not influence evidence.

Geographic proximity, shared typology, or visual similarity does not establish influence, workshop movement, trade, or transmission direction.

PlaceLatitudeLongitudePrecisionSource
San Vitale, Ravenna44.4205912.19639UNESCO property pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
Hosios Loukas38.4000022.75000UNESCO property pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
Daphni Monastery38.0130823.63662UNESCO property pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
Nea Moni, Chios38.3833326.06667UNESCO property pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
Mount Athos40.2666724.21667UNESCO property pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
Saint Sophia, Kyiv50.4528630.51433UNESCO component pointUNESCO World Heritage Centre
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icon with the Virgin and Child
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Double-Sided Pendant Icon with the Virgin and Christ Pantokrator
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icons and Iconoclasm in Byzantium
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
Smarthistory
A work in progress: Middle Byzantine mosaics in Hagia Sophia
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Byzantine architecture and monumental art after iconoclasm
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Picturing salvation — Chora’s brilliant Byzantine mosaics and frescoes
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Mosaics and microcosm: the monasteries of Hosios Loukas, Nea Moni, and Daphni
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Byzantine Iconoclasm and the Triumph of Orthodoxy
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Byzantine architecture during Iconoclasm
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Iconoclasm
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
J. Paul Getty Museum
Gospel Book with Fifteen Full-Page Scenes from the Lives of Christ and the Virgin
Open source ↗
record-reference; image rights follow Getty terms
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Byzantium (ca. 330–1453)
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Arts of Byzantium
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; object image rights require per-record review
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Medallion with Saint George from an Icon Frame
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Panel from a Cover for an Icon of the Virgin
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Portable Icon with the Virgin Eleousa
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icon with the Koimesis
Open source ↗
museum-object-reference; check current image rights before reuse
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icon with the Crucifixion
Open source ↗
museum-object-reference; check current image rights before reuse
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Byzantium and Islam: Age of Transition
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; object image rights require per-record review
Smarthistory
Art and architecture of Saint Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icon of the Virgin and Child, Hodegetria variant
Open source ↗
Public Domain object image on current Met record; Open Access terms apply
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Fragment of a Lintel
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261–1557)
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
Smarthistory
San Vitale and the Justinian and Theodora Mosaics
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Religious Relationship between Byzantium and the West
Open source ↗
text-reference-only
Smarthistory
Greek painters in Renaissance Venice
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Christ Bearing the Cross
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Medallion with Saint Paul from an Icon Frame
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
One of a Pair of Temple Pendants with Busts of Male Saints
Open source ↗
museum-object-reference; check current image rights before reuse
Smarthistory
Byzantium, Kyivan Rus’, and their contested legacies
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Mount Athos
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
Smarthistory
The lives of Christ and the Virgin in Byzantine art
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
Smarthistory
Byzantine frescoes at Saint Panteleimon, Nerezi
Open source ↗
text-reference-only; image rights vary by credited work
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Icon with Virgin and the Christ Child
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Archaeological Site of Mystras
Open source ↗
CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 description; image/media rights separate
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Attarouthi Treasure - Chalice
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Four Icons from a Pair of Doors (Panels), possibly part of a Polyptych
Open source ↗
public-domain-image-and-open-access-data
UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — Maps
Open source ↗
coordinate/reference data; map/media reuse requires applicable UNESCO terms
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